- Jonathan L. Kvanvig ‘The Epistemic Paradoxes’
Introは次のようです。
The four primary epistemic paradoxes are the lottery, preface, knowability, and surprise examination paradoxes. The lottery paradox begins by imagining a fair lottery with a thousand tickets in it. Each ticket is so unlikely to win that we are justified in believing that it will lose. So we can infer that no ticket will win. Yet we know that some ticket will win.
In the preface paradox, authors are justified in believing everything in their books. Some preface their book by claiming that, given human frailty, they are sure that errors remain, errors for which they take complete responsibility. But then they justifiably believe both that everything in the book is true, and that something in it is false.
The knowability paradox results from accepting that some truths are not known, and that any truth is knowable. Since the first claim is a truth, it must be knowable. From these claims it follows that it is possible that there is some particular truth that is known to be true and known not to be true.
The final paradox concerns an announcement of a surprise quiz next week. A Friday test will not be a surprise, yet, if the test cannot be on Friday, it cannot be on Thursday either. For if it has not been given by Wednesday night, and it cannot be a surprise on Friday, it will not be a surprise on Thursday. Similar reasoning rules out all other days of the week as well; hence, no surprise quiz can occur next week. On Wednesday, the teacher gives a quiz, and the students are taken completely by surprise.1 Lottery and Preface Paradoxes
2 Knowability Paradox
3 The Surprise Examination Paradox
私としてはKnowability Paradoxが一番興味深い。この論文は辞典の一項目として書かれたもの。
- 伊藤和夫 『英語長文読解教室 新装版』
Description
累計30万部を売り上げ、かつては『英文解釈教室』とともに「受験英語のバイブル」とうたわれた大学受験用の英語参考書です。数年前に絶版となっておりましたが、全国から問い合わせが相次ぎました。今回そのご要望におこたえすべく、「新装版」として復刊することとなりました。なお、予備校を代表するお２人、駿台予備学校・大島保彦と代々木ゼミナール・西きょうじの両先生から本書をご推薦いただき、オビに推薦文を掲載しました。
私も大学受験のときに読んですごくよかった記憶があります。いつかまた読み直したいと思っていました。しかし全部読み直すのは面倒なので各章末尾の「構文研究」欄だけでもすべて読もうかな。伊藤先生の研究社本はoriginalはhardだけど新装版になるとsoftcoverになっているが、私はhardの方が好きです。机に開いて置きながら勉強するのにはhardの方が個人的にはやりやすいので。とはいえ実はhardも今だ持っているのですがちょっと手元にはないため、安いこともありこの際入手。
